文件操作 - run-mailcap

文件: /usr/bin/run-mailcap

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#! /usr/bin/perl
###############################################################################
#
#  Run-Mailcap:  Run a program specified in the mailcap file based on a mime
#  type.
#
#  Written by Brian White <bcwhite@pobox.com>
#  This file has been placed in the public domain (the only true "free").
#
###############################################################################

use Encode qw(decode);
use I18N::Langinfo qw(langinfo CODESET);
use File::Spec;

$debug=($ENV{RUN_MAILCAP_DEBUG} || 0);
$norun=0;
$nopager=0;
$etcmimetyp="/etc/mime.types";
$shrmimetyp="/usr/share/etc/mime.types";
$locmimetyp="/usr/local/etc/mime.types";
$usrmimetyp="$ENV{HOME}/.mime.types";
$xtermprgrm="/usr/bin/x-terminal-emulator"; # xterm?
$defmimetyp="application/octet-stream";
$quotedsemi=chr(255);
$quotedprct=chr(254);
$retcode=0;

sub Usage {
    my($error) = @_;
    print STDERR $error,"\n\n" if $error;

print STDERR "Use: $0 <--action=VAL> [--debug] [MIME-TYPE:[ENCODING:]]FILE [...]\n\n";
    print STDERR "Options:\n";
    print STDERR "  action        specify what action to do on these files (default=view)\n";
    print STDERR "  debug         be verbose about what's going on\n";
    print STDERR "  nopager       ignore any \"copiousoutput\" directives and never use a \"pager\"\n";
    print STDERR "  norun         just print but don't execute the command (useful with --debug)\n";
    print STDERR "\n";
    print STDERR "Mime-Type:\n";
    print STDERR "  any standard mime type designation in the form <class>/<subtype> -- if\n";
    print STDERR "  not specified, it will be determined from the filename extension\n\n";
    print STDERR "Encoding:\n";
    print STDERR "  how the file (and type) has been encoded (only \"gzip\", \"bzip2,\"\n";
    print STDERR "  \"xz\" and \"compress\" are supported) -- if not specified, it will be\n";
    print STDERR "   determined from the filename extension\n\n";

exit ($error ? 1 : 0);
}

sub EncodingForFile {
    my($file) = @_;
    my $encoding;

if ($file =~ m/\.gz$/)  { $encoding = "gzip";       }
    if ($file =~ m/\.bz2$/) { $encoding = "bzip2";      }
    if ($file =~ m/\.xz$/)  { $encoding = "xz";         }
    if ($file =~ m/\.Z$/)   { $encoding = "compress";   }

print STDERR " - file \"$file\" has encoding \"$encoding\"\n" if $debug && $encoding;

return $encoding;
}

sub ReadMimetypes {
    my($file) = @_;

print STDERR " - Reading mime.types file \"$file\"...\n" if $debug;
    unless (open(MIMETYPES,'<',$file)) {
      # Quietly ignore an unreadable file, perhaps non-existent, perhaps
      # permission denied.
      print STDERR "   could not read \"$file\" -- $!\n" if $debug;
      return;
    }

while (<MIMETYPES>) {
        chomp;
        s/\#.*$//;
        next if (m/^\s*$/);

$_=lc($_);
        my($type,@exts) = split;

foreach (@exts) {
            $mimetypes{$_} = $type unless exists $mimetypes{$_};
        }
    }
    close MIMETYPES;
}

sub ReadMailcap {
    my($file) = @_;
    my $line = "";

print STDERR " - Reading mailcap file \"$file\"...\n" if $debug;
    unless (open(MAILCAP,'<',$file)) {
      # Quietly ignore an unreadable file, perhaps non-existent, perhaps
      # permission denied.
      print STDERR "   could not read \"$file\" -- $!\n" if $debug;
      return;
    }

while (<MAILCAP>) {
        chomp;
        s/^\s+// if $line;
        $line .= $_;
        next unless $line;
        if ($line =~ m/^\s*\#/) {
            $line = "";
            next;
        }
        if ($line =~ m/\\$/) {
            $line =~ s/\\$//;
        } else {
            $line =~ s/\\;/$quotedsemi/go;
            $line =~ s/\\%/$quotedprct/go;
            push @mailcap,$line;
            $line = "";
        }
    }
    close MAILCAP;
}

sub TempFile {
    my($template) = @_;
    my($cmd,$head,$tail,$tmpfile);
    $template = "" unless (defined $template);

($head,$tail) = split(/%s/,$template,2);

#   $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam($name);
#   unlink($tmpfile);

$cmd  = "mktemp --tmpdir";
    $cmd .= " ${head}XXXXXXXXXX" if $head;
    $cmd .= " --suffix $tail" if $tail;

$tmpfile = `$cmd`;
    chomp($tmpfile);

#   $tmpfile = $ENV{TMPDIR};
#   $tmpfile = "/tmp" unless $tmpfile;
#   $tmpfile.= "/$name";
#   unlink($tmpfile);

return $tmpfile;
}

sub SaveStdin {
    my($match) = @_;
    my($tmpfile,$amt,$buf);

$tmpfile = $1 if ($match =~ m/nametemplate=(.*?)\s*($|;)/);
    $tmpfile = TempFile($tmpfile);
    open(TMPFILE,">$tmpfile") || die "Error: could not write \"$tmpfile\" -- $!\n";
    do {
        $amt = read(STDIN,$buf,102400);
        print TMPFILE $buf if $amt;
    } while ($amt != 0);
    close(TMPFILE);

return $tmpfile;
}

sub DecodeFile {
    my($efile,$encoding,$action) = @_;
    my($file,$res);

$file = $efile;
    $file =~ s!^.*/!!;          # remove leading directories
    $file =~ s!\.[^\.]*$!!;     # remove encoding extension
    $file =~ s!^\.?[^\.]*!%s!;  # replace name with placeholder
    $file = undef if ($efile eq '-');
    my $tmpfile = TempFile($file);

print STDERR " - decoding \"$efile\" as \"$tmpfile\"\n" if $debug;

#   unlink($tmpfile); # should still be acceptable for "compose" output even if exists
    return $tmpfile if (($efile ne '-' && ! -e $efile) || $action eq 'compose');

if ($encoding eq "gzip") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "gzip -d >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "gzip -dc \Q$efile\E >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        }
    } elsif ($encoding eq "bzip2") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "bzip2 -d >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "bzip2 -dc <\Q$efile\E >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        }
    } elsif ($encoding eq "xz") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "xz -d >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "xz -dc <\Q$efile\E >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        }
    } elsif ($encoding eq "compress") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "uncompress >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "uncompress <\Q$efile\E >\Q$tmpfile\E";
        }
    } else {
        die "Fatal: unknown encoding \"$encoding\" at";
    }

$res = int($res/256);
    if ($res != 0) {
        print STDERR "Error: could not decode \"$efile\" -- $!\n";
        $retcode = 2 if ($retcode < 2);
        unlink($tmpfile);
        return;
    }

#   chmod 0600,$tmpfile; # done already by TempFile
    return $tmpfile;
}

sub EncodeFile {
    my($dfile,$efile,$encoding) = @_;
    my($res);

print STDERR " - encoding \"$dfile\" as \"$efile\"\n";

if ($encoding eq "gzip") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "gzip -c \Q$dfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "gzip -c \Q$dfile\E >\Q$efile\E";
        }
    } elsif ($encoding eq "xz") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "xz < \Q$dfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "xz < \Q$dfile\E >\Q$efile\E";
        }
    } elsif ($encoding eq "compress") {
        if ($efile eq '-') {
            $res = system "compress <\Q$dfile\E";
        } else {
            $res = system "compress <\Q$dfile\E >\Q$efile\E";
        }
    } else {
        die "Fatal: unknown encoding \"$encoding\" at";
    }

$res = int($res/256);
    if ($res != 0) {
        print STDERR "Error: could not encode \"$efile\" (left as \"$dfile\")\n";
        $retcode = 2 if ($retcode < 2);
        return;
    }

return $dfile;
}

sub ExtensionMimetype {
    my($file) = @_;
    my($ext)  = ($file =~ m!\.([^/\.]+)$!);
    my($typ);
    if ($ext) {
        unless ($donemimetypes) {
            ReadMimetypes($usrmimetyp);
            ReadMimetypes($locmimetyp);
            ReadMimetypes($shrmimetyp);
            ReadMimetypes($etcmimetyp);
            $donemimetypes = 1;
        }
        $typ = $mimetypes{lc($ext)};
        print STDERR " - extension \"$ext\" maps to mime-type \"$typ\"\n" if $debug;
    }
    return $typ;
}

sub MagicMimetype {
    my($file) = @_;
    my($typ);

if (`command -v file`) {
        open(READER, "-|", "file", "-b", "--mime-type", "-e", "tokens", "-L", "-z", $file);
        $typ = <READER>;
        chomp $typ;
        print STDERR " - file command returned mime-type \"$typ\"\n" if $debug;
    }
    return $typ;
}

@files = ();
foreach (@ARGV) {
    print STDERR " - parsing parameter \"$_\"\n" if $debug;
    if (m!^(-h|--help)$!) {
        Usage();
        exit(0);
    } elsif (m!^--(.*?)=(.*)$!) {
        print STDERR "Warning: definition of \"$1=$2\" overrides value \"${$1}\"\n" if ($ {$1} && $ {$1} != $2);
        $ {$1}=$2;
    } elsif (m!^--(.*?)$!) {
        print STDERR "Warning: definition of \"$1=$2\" overrides value \"${$1}\"\n" if ($ {$1} && $ {$1} != 1);
        $ {$1}=1;
    } elsif (m!^[^/:]+/[^/:]+:[^/:]+:!) {
        push @files,$_;
    } elsif (m!^([^/:]+/[^/:]+):(.*)! && ! -e $_) {
        my $file = $_;
        my $type = $1;
        my $file = $2;
        my $code = EncodingForFile($file);
        push @files,"${type}:${code}:${file}";
        print STDERR " - file \"$file\" does not exist -- assuming mime-type specification of \"${type}\"\n" if $debug;
    } else {
        my $file = $_;
        my $code = EncodingForFile($file);
        my $type;
        if ($code) {
            my $efile = $file;
            $efile =~ s/\.[^\.]+$//;
            $type = ExtensionMimetype($efile);
        } else {
            $type = ExtensionMimetype($file);
        }
        $type = MagicMimetype($file) unless $type;
        if ($type) {
            push @files,"${type}:${code}:${file}";
        } else {
            print STDERR "Warning: unknown mime-type for \"$file\" -- using \"$defmimetyp\"\n";
            push @files,"${defmimetyp}:${code}:${file}";
        }
    }
}

# Pass --debug to sub-calls to this program.
$ENV{RUN_MAILCAP_DEBUG} = 1 if $debug;

unless ($action) {
       if ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?view$!)     { $action="view";   }
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?see$!)      { $action="view";   }
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?cat$!)      { $action="cat";    }
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?edit$!)     { $action="edit";   }
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?change$!)   { $action="edit";   }
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?compose$!)  { $action="compose";}
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?print$!)    { $action="print";  }
    elsif ($0 =~ m!(^|/)(mime-)?create$!)   { $action="compose";}
    else                                    { $action="view";   }
}

$mailcaps = $ENV{MAILCAPS};
$mailcaps = "$ENV{HOME}/.mailcap:/etc/mailcap:/usr/local/etc/mailcap:/usr/share/etc/mailcap:/usr/etc/mailcap" unless $mailcaps;
foreach (split(/:/,$mailcaps)) {
    ReadMailcap($_);
}

foreach (@files) {
    my($type,$code,$file) = m/^(.*?):(.*?):(.*)$/;
    print STDERR "Processing file \"$file\" of type \"$type\" (encoding=",$code?$code:"none",")...\n" if $debug;

if ($file ne '-') {
        if ($action eq 'compose' || $action eq 'edit') {
            if (-e $file) {
                if (! -w $file) {
                    print STDERR "Error: no write permission for file \"$file\"\n";
                    $retcode = 2 if ($retcode < 2);
                    next;
                }
            } else {
                if (open(TEST,">$file")) {
                    close(TEST);
                    unlink($file);
                } else {
                    print STDERR "Error: no write permission for file \"$file\"\n";
                    $retcode = 2 if ($retcode < 2);
                    next;
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (! -e $file) {
                print STDERR "Error: no such file \"$file\"\n";
                $retcode = 2 if ($retcode < 2);
                next;
            }
            if (! -r $file) {
                print STDERR "Error: no read permission for file \"$file\"\n";
                $retcode = 2 if ($retcode < 2);
                next;
            }
        }
    }

my(@matches,$entry,$res,$efile);
    if ($code) {
        $efile = $file;
        $file  = DecodeFile($efile,$code,$action);
        next unless $file;
    }

foreach $entry (@mailcap) {
        $entry =~ m/^(.*?)\s*;/;
        $_ = "\Q$1\E"; s/\\\*/\.\*/g;
        push @matches,$entry if ($type =~ m!^$_$!i);
    }
    @matches = grep(/\Q$action\E=/,@matches) unless ($action eq "view" || $action eq "cat");

my $done=0;
    my $fail=0;
    my $needsterminal;
    foreach $match (@matches) {
        my $comm;
        print STDERR " - checking mailcap entry \"$match\"\n" if $debug;
        if ($action eq "view" || $action eq "cat") {
            ($comm) = ($match =~ m/^.*?;\s*(.*?)\s*($|;)/);
        } else {
            ($comm) = ($match =~ m/\Q$action\E=(.*?)\s*($|;)/);
        }
        next if (!$comm || $comm =~ m!(^|/)false$!i);
        print STDERR " - program to execute: $comm\n" if $debug;

if ($action eq 'cat' && $match !~ m/;\s*copiousoutput\s*($|;)/) {
	    print STDERR " - \"copiousoutput\" is required for \"cat\" action\n" if $debug;
	    $fail++;
	    next;
	}

my($tmpfile,$tmplink);
        if ($action ne 'print' && $match =~ m/;\s*needsterminal\s*($|;)/) {
            $needsterminal = 1;
            if (-t STDOUT) {
                print STDERR " - needsterminal is satisfied by stdout\n" if $debug;
            } else {
                if ($ENV{DISPLAY}) {
                    $comm = "$xtermprgrm -T '$file ($type)' -e $0 --action=$action '${type}:%s'";
                } else {
                    print STDERR " - no terminal available for rule (needsterminal)\n" if $debug;
                    $fail++;
                    next;
                }
            }

} elsif ($action eq 'view' && !$nopager && $match =~ m/;\s*copiousoutput\s*($|;)/ && $type ne 'text/plain') {
            $comm .= " | $0 --action=$action text/plain:-";
        }

if ($match =~ m/;\s*test=(.*?)\s*($|;)/) {
            my $test;
            print STDERR " - running test: $1 " if $debug;
            $test   = system "$1 >/dev/null 2>&1";
            $test >>= 8;
            print STDERR " (result=$test=",($test!=0?"false":"true"),")\n" if $debug;
            if ($test) {
                $fail++;
                next;
            }
        }

if ($file ne "-") {
            # Resolve file name to an absolute path
            $file = File::Spec->rel2abs($file);
            if (decode(langinfo(CODESET()), $file) =~ m![^[:alnum:],.:/@%^+=_-]!i) {
                $match =~ m/nametemplate=(.*?)\s*($|;)/;
                my $prefix = $1;
                my $linked = 0;
                while (!$linked) {
                    $tmplink = TempFile($prefix);
                    unlink($tmplink);
                    $linked = symlink($file,$tmplink);
                }
                $file = $tmplink;
                print STDERR " - filename contains shell meta-characters; aliased to '$tmplink'\n" if $debug;
            }
            if ($comm =~ m/[^%]%s/) {
                $comm =~ s/([^%])%s/$1$file/g;
            } else {
                if ($comm =~ m/\|/) {
                    $comm =~ s/\|/<\Q$file\E \|/;
                } else {
                    $comm .= " <\Q$file\E";
                }
                if ($action eq 'edit' || $action eq 'compose') {
                    $comm .= " >\Q$file\E";
                }
            }
        } else {
            if ($comm =~ m/[^%]%s/) {
                $tmpfile = SaveStdin($match);
                $comm =~ s/([^%])%s/$1$tmpfile/g;

# If needsterminal then redirect stdin to the tty which is
                # on stdout, rather than leaving it as the input data stream
                # which has now been read through to EOF.
                #
                # Some programs such as "more" and "less" already use
                # /dev/tty rather than stdin.  But "vim" on non-tty stdin
                # gives a warning message and then leaves the tty in raw
                # mode on exit.  Or "nvi" refuses to run at all unless both
                # stdin and stdout are the tty.
                #
                # RFC 1524 is silent on exactly what a program with
                # "needsterminal" should expect, but it seems sensible to
                # arrange that both stdin and stdout are the terminal for
                # "needsterminal" with "%s".
                #
                if ($needsterminal) {
                    $comm .= ' <&1';
                }
            } else {
                # no name means same as "-"... read from stdin
            }
        }

$comm =~ s!([^%])%t!$1$type!g;
        $comm =~ s!([^%])%F!$1!g;
        $comm =~ s!%\{(.*?)}!$_="'$ENV{$1}'";s/\`//g;s/\'\'//g;$_!ge;
        $comm =~ s!\\(.)!$1!g;
        $comm =~ s!\'\'!\'!g;
        $comm =~ s!$quotedsemi!;!go;
        $comm =~ s!$quotedprct!%!go;

print STDERR " - executing: $comm\n" if $debug;
	if ($norun) {
	    print $comm,"\n";
	    $res = 0;
	} else {
	    $res = system $comm;
	    if ($res != 0) {
		if (!($res & 0xFF)) {
                    print STDERR "Warning: program returned non-zero exit code \#$res\n";
                    $retcode = $res >> 8;
		} elsif ($res == -1) {
		    print STDERR "Error: program failed to execute: $!\n";
		    $retcode = -1;
		} else {
		    my $signal = $? & 0x7F;
		    my $core = ($? & 0x80) ? ' (core dumped)' : '';
		    print STDERR "Warning: program died on signal ${signal}${core}\n";
		    $retcode = -1;
		}
            }
        }
        $done=1;
        unlink $tmpfile if $tmpfile;
        unlink $tmplink if $tmplink;
        last;
    }

if (!$done) {
        if ($fail) {
            print STDERR "Error: no \"$action\" rule for type \"$type\" passed its test case\n";
            print STDERR "       (for more information, add \"--debug=1\" on the command line)\n";
            $retcode = 3 if ($retcode < 3);
        } else {
            print STDERR "Error: no \"$action\" mailcap rules found for type \"$type\"\n";
            $retcode = 3 if ($retcode < 3);
        }
        unlink $file if $code;
        $retcode = 1 unless $retcode;
        next;
    }

if ($code) {
        if ($action eq 'edit' || $action eq 'compose') {
            my $file = EncodeFile($file,$efile,$code);
            unlink $file if $file;
        } else {
            unlink $file;
        }
    }
}

exit($retcode);

文件操作 - run-mailcap

文件: /usr/bin/run-mailcap

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